Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous
Okrug (Russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг, Yamalo-Nenetsky
Avtonomny Okrug; Nenets: Ямалы-Ненёцие
автономной ӈокрук, Yamaly-Nenyotsiye avtonomnoj ŋokruk, ЯНАО (YaNAO)) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Its administrative center is
the town
of Salekhard, and its largest city is Noyabrsk. Its population was counted to be 522,904 in the 2010 Census. The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe who have long survived
in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus
maritimus) continues up to the present time.
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny
Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude,
that is, at the point 70°N and 70°E, with equal degrees. The area consists of
arctic tundra and taiga, with three large peninsulas - the Yamal Peninsula, Taz Peninsula
and the Gyda Peninsula (itself
containing the Yavay Peninsula
and Mamonta
Peninsula).
The Ob River flows through Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the Kara Sea via the Gulf of Ob, which dominates the geography of the Okrug
(together with its two sub-bays, the Taz Estuary and Khalmyer Bay. On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug
(Ямальский (Ненецкий) национальный округ) was
formed based on Ural Oblast.
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