Udmurtia (Russian: Удму́ртия, tr. Udmúrtiya, Udmurt: Удмуртия), or the Udmurt Republic, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) within the Volga Federal District.
Its capital is the city
of Izhevsk. Population: 1,521,420 (2010 Census). On
November 4, 1920, the Votyak Autonomous Oblast was formed. On
January 1, 1932, it was renamed Udmurt Autonomous Oblast,
which was then reorganized into the Udmurt ASSR on December 28, 1934. During World War II, many industrial factories were evacuated from Ukraine and western borderlands to Udmurtia. The republic is
located to the west of the Ural Mountains and borders Kirov, Perm, Bashkortostan, and Tatarstan.
Udmurtia is a republic in
the Russian Federation, located in Central Russia between the branches of two
of the largest and oldest rivers in Europe: the Kama and its right tributary
the Vyatka. The city of Izhevsk is the administrative, industrial and cultural
center of Udmurtia. Geographically, it is located not far from Moscow, the
capital and largest city of the Russian Federation. The city has a well
developed transport system (including air, land and water). On the west and
north the Udmurtia borders the Kirov Oblast, on the east the Perm Oblast, and
on the south the Bashkortostan and Tatarstan Republics.
The Udmurt Autonomous
Soviet Socialist Republic was formed on 4 November 1920 as the Votyak Autonomous Oblast
("Votyak" is an obsolete name for Udmurts, "Vot"
being the obsolete name for Udmurt people) and renamed as the Udmurt Autonomous Oblast
in 1932. On 28 December 1934, the oblast was renamed the Udmurt Autonomous
Socialist Soviet Republic, but did not become a full member of the Russian Soviet
Federative Socialist Republic until 1936. In 1937, the Constitution
of Udmurtia was created and the Supreme Soviet of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic gained power. The Supreme Council of Udmurtia declared state
sovereignty on 20 September 1990 and the Udmurt ASSR was renamed as the Udmurt Republic on 11 October 1991.
On 27 October 1917, the Bolsheviks gained power in Izhevsk and established a territorial government. The First
Congress resolved to join the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in
June 1918. In April 1919, Udmurtia was seized by Alexander Kolchak. The Red Army removed Kolchak from power 2 months later, in June
1919. In 1920, the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars
of the RSFSR established the Votskaya Autonomous Region. In 1932, the Votskaya
Autonomous Region was renamed the Udmurt Autonomous Region. On 27 February 1921
the first Regional Communist Conference declared the territory to be an
autonomous region.
Under the five-year plans from 1929 to 1940, Udmurtia became
industrialised. By 1940, literature and professional art grew, and educational
and scientific institutions were created. In March 1937 the Second Congress
ratified the Udmurt constitution. During World War II, the workers of Udmurtia produced weapons for the
Red Army. Udmurtia produced 11,000,000 rifles
and carbines in the war, surpassing Germany's industry output. Industrial factories were evacuated
from Ukraine to Udmurtia, thus increasing the ethnic Russian population and stimulating economic growth. In 1969,
oil plants were established in Udmurtia.
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