The Chuvash Republic (Russian: Чува́шская Респу́блика — Чува́шия, Chuváshskaya Respúblika — Chuváshiya; Chuvash: Чӑваш Республики, Čăvaš Respubliki), or Chuvashia (Russian: Чува́шия Chuváshiya; Chuvash: Чӑваш Ен, Čăvaš
Jen), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). It is the
homeland of the Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnic group. Its capital is the city
of Cheboksary.
The Chuvash Republic is located in the center
of European Russia, in the
heart of the Volga-Vyatka economic region,
mostly to the west of the Volga River, in the Volga Upland. It borders with the Mari El Republic in the north, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in
the west, the Republic of Mordovia in
the southwest, Ulyanovsk Oblast in the
south, and the Republic of Tatarstan in
the east and southeast. There are over two thousand rivers in the republic—with
the major ones being the Volga, the Sura, and the Tsivil—as well as four hundred lakes. Some of the Volga River
valley reservoirs are in the north of the republic, and the Sura River flows
towards the Volga along much of the republic's western boundary.
On May 15, 1917, the Chuvash joined the Idel-Ural Movement and in December 1917 joined the short-lived
Idel-Ural State, when an agreement was reached with Tatar representatives to draw the eastern border of Chuvashia
at the Sviyaga River. In 1918–1919, the Russian Civil War encompassed the area. This ended with
victory for the Bolsheviks. To gain support from the local
population, Lenin ordered the creation of a Chuvash state within the Russian SFSR. On June 24, 1920, the Chuvash Autonomous Oblast
was formed, which was transformed into the Chuvash ASSR in April 1925.
Osteopetrosis affects 1 newborn out of every 20,000 to 250,000
worldwide, but the odds are much higher in the Russian region of Chuvashia (1
of every 3,500–4,000 newborns) due to genetic traits of the Chuvash people.
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