Jersey (French: Jèrriais: Jèrri), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (French: Bailliage de Jersey;
Jèrriais: Bailliage dé Jèrri), is a British Crown dependency located
near the coast of Normandy, France. It is the second-closest of the Channel Islands to France, after Alderney.
Jersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy, whose dukes went on to become kings of
England from 1066. After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th
century, and the ducal title surrendered to France, Jersey and the other Channel Islands remained attached to the English crown. The bailiwick consists of the island of Jersey, the largest of the
Channel Islands, along with surrounding uninhabited islands
and rocks collectively named Les Dirouilles, Les Écréhous, Les Minquiers, Les Pierres de Lecq, and other reefs. Although the bailiwicks
of Jersey and Guernsey are often referred to collectively as the Channel
Islands, the "Channel Islands" are not a constitutional or political
unit. Jersey has a separate relationship to the Crown from the other Crown
dependencies of Guernsey and the Isle of Man, although all are held by the monarch of the United Kingdom.
Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy
under a constitutional monarchy,
with its own financial, legal and judicial systems, and the power of self-determination. The Lieutenant Governor
on the island is the personal representative of the Queen.
Jersey is not part of the
United Kingdom, and has an international identity separate from that of the UK,
but the UK is constitutionally responsible for the defence of Jersey. The definition of United Kingdom in the British Nationality Act 1981
is interpreted as including the UK and the Islands together. The European
Commission confirmed in a written reply to the European Parliament in 2003 that
Jersey was within the Union as a European Territory for whose external
relationships the UK is responsible. Jersey was not fully part of the European Union but had a special relationship with it, notably
being treated as within the European Community for the purposes of free trade
in goods. British cultural influence
on the island is evident in its use of English as the main language and the
British pound as its primary currency, even if some people still speak or
understand Jèrriais, the local form of the Norman language, and place names with French or Norman origins
abound. Additional British cultural commonalities include driving on the left,
access to the BBC and ITV regions, a school
curriculum following that of England, and the popularity of British sports,
including cricket.
Historically the island
has given its name to a variety of overly-large cabbage, the Jersey cabbage, also known as Jersey kale or cow cabbage. hree
areas of land are protected for their ecological or geological interest as
Sites of Special Interest (SSI). Jersey has four designated Ramsar sites: Les Pierres de Lecq, Les Minquiers, Les Écréhous
and Les Dirouilles and the south east coast of Jersey (a large area of
intertidal zone). Jersey is the home of the Jersey Zoo (formerly known as the Durrell Wildlife Park)
founded by the naturalist, zookeeper and author Gerald Durrell.
The first postage stamps
marked Jersey were issued during the occupation of
the island by the Germans during World War II. Later, Jersey used British regional stamps
marked specifically for use in Jersey but valid for postage throughout the
United Kingdom. Jersey has issued its own stamps since 1 October 1969. Since 2014, Jersey has also issued Post & Go stamps. Since 2019, Jersey post
started to use own tracking code for Registered mails with country code JE,
instead of GB.
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